Historically, writers who became central to literary canons did so by evoking a distinct version of the human experience in their readers’ imaginations. Tolstoy, a master of realistic fiction, explored the complexities of human existence with a profound skepticism tempered by occasional dogmatism. His works, such as War and Peace and Anna Karenina, explored both the sweeping currents of history and the dramas of personal life.
On the other hand, Dostoyevsky investigated the depths of the human psyche. His most famous work, Crime and Punishment, is a harrowing examination of guilt, redemption and the consequences of moral transgression. Dostoyevsky's characters are often tormented by their inner demons, their struggles serving as a stark reminder of the fragility of the human condition.
Lastly, Anton Chekhov, the Russian physician, short story writer and playwright, had a career as significant as all of these and a distinctive literary style of his own. Chekhov’s characters are complicated and often have hidden feelings and motivations, making it difficult to know precisely what they think. His stories often follow young people as they learn about life. These characters grow and change, showing the importance of mental and emotional health. Even though the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals came long after Chekhov's work, his stories still resonate with the goal of Good Health and Well-Being.
Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky explored big ideas, but Chekhov focused on the mindset of everyday people. His stories showed how ordinary people dealt with life's challenges. Though simple, these stories had deep meaning about feelings and relationships. Big passions or problems did not drive Chekhov's characters. Instead, they often thought a lot and were unsure of what to do.
These Russian juggernauts are special in different ways. Their depth, combined with a rich literary tradition and a unique cultural perspective of Russian literature, makes their work invaluable for those seeking a profound reading experience. This exploration is deeply intertwined with themes of mental health, making it a vitally important resource for understanding and navigating psychological complexities.
“No one wants to love the ordinary people in us,” said Chekhov in a letter to Suvorin, Nov. 24 or 25, 1888, in Moscow.
Rising from a difficult childhood, his life reflects the Dickensian themes of poverty and hardship. Chekhov was no stranger to financial hardship and challenging experiences. He grew up in the Russian town of Taganrog, spending much of his childhood in his father's grocery store. He watched customers and listened to their stories, observing the everyday lives of the Russian people. He began his writing career to make money for his family after his father's bankruptcy and to pay for his medical studies. This was strictly a comic enterprise. He wrote skits, spoofs and humour pieces full of ironic names and slapstick comeuppance. He churned these out for sale to popular journals and sent any money he could spare to his family in Moscow.
“If ever my life can be of any use to you, come and claim it,” wrote Chekhov in The Seagull.
The above quote, written on the medallion Nina gives to Trigorin, is vital because it shows many layers of meaning in The Seagull. Nina, a character in The Seagull, gives Trigorin a medallion inscribed with a quote from one of his own stories. This quote, seemingly a reflection of Trigorin's thoughts, is appropriated by Nina to convey her emotions, reflecting her compassionate and generous nature. Nina’s gift to Trigorin is more than just a trinket. It shows how the characters in The Seagull are connected and how they search for meaning in their lives. This is similar to what Chekhov explores in his other plays, like A Dreary Story. Here, characters struggle to find purpose and feel connected to others. In Chekhov’s A Dreary Story, he describes a retiring professor who cannot find the spiritual sustenance and meaning of his life in his old age, having doubts and fears not only of a physical death but also of an emotional and a spiritual one. The story portrays the themes of isolation, loneliness and the inevitability of death.
The professor's character is a study in contrasts. On the one hand, he is a learned and accomplished individual, yet on the other, he is deeply insecure and haunted by a sense of emptiness. His journey is a tragic exploration of the human condition, highlighting the fragility of existence and the importance of finding purpose and connection.
The moral of A Dreary Story is the importance of living life to the fullest. The professor’s regrets and unfulfilled desires warn readers not to waste their lives on trivial pursuits and to cherish every moment they have. The story also highlights the importance of human connection and the need for companionship and love in our lives. While A Dreary Story emphasizes the importance of living life to the fullest, Chekhov’s other works, like The Student, show readers the opposite, showing the darker side of human existence.
As winter approaches in Russia, Ivan Velikopolsky, a young seminary student in The Student, walks home through the dark streets of St. Petersburg, reflecting on the suffering humanity has endured throughout history and the inevitability of repeating its darkest moments. He sees the skeletal faces of starving people and cannot help but feel a sense of despair. He wonders if humanity is truly capable of change or if we are doomed to repeat our mistakes. As he passed by the windows of the seminary, he could hear the voices of his fellow students reading their lessons. He feels a sense of isolation and loneliness as if he is the only person in the world who cares about the suffering of others.
This story portrays the existential crisis of a young man living in a time of great social and political upheaval. Ivan Velikopolsky's struggle to reconcile his faith in humanity with the harsh realities of the world around him is a timeless theme that continues to resonate with readers today. Chekhov's masterful use of symbolism and imagery creates a sense of despair and hopelessness while offering a glimmer of hope for the future. Ultimately, Ivan Velikopolsky may not have found the answers he was seeking. Still, his journey forces us to confront our questions about the meaning of life and the possibility of human redemption.
“I call it good breeding not so much not to upset the sauce on the table, as not to notice it when someone else has done it,” wrote Chekhov in The House With the Mezzanine.
Chekhov also highlights a complex interplay between individual contentment and societal suffering. This implies that the perceived happiness of individuals often relies on the unspoken hardships endured by others. Such a notion underscores the potential for societal inequities to be masked by surface-level appearances of well-being.
Chekhov was a great writer who showed us how life was in Russia long ago. He used simple words to say big things about people and humour and irony to show us the silly things people do. For instance, in Uncle Vanya, Astrov uses humour to cope with his disillusionment with life. Chekhov's plays are still performed and studied globally, and his stories have influenced new generations of writers and artists.
In Chekhov’s work, literature, like Prospero in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, seems to break its staff, renouncing the magic of idealization. Instead, it confronts us with a stark reflection of our unadorned ordinariness and baffling strangeness. His stories explore the mystery of life and the limits of human capacity and continue to inspire us today.